Whenever a laptop containing lots of private data is lost, there are calls for 'disk encryption' that encodes all of a computer's data to become standard practice. But a dramatic new result by security researchers at Princeton suggests it is no panacea.
They've shown that a computer's RAM - short term memory - can give it away.
RAM needs power to hold data; but the researchers have found that information can persist for up to minutes after the power is cut. That's long enough to extract the key needed to unscramble the encrypted disk, which is always kept in a computer's RAM.
An accessible video (below or here) explains the team's findings in more detail. And you can read more at a website set up to explain the work.
The RAM in most computers can hold information for a few seconds to a minute after power down. But cooling the RAM chip can extend that to up to ten minutes. Another video shows how an image held in RAM slowly degrades after the power is turned off.
The attack works on any laptop powered up, or in sleep/hibernate mode. Some machines using Microsoft Vista's BitLocker disk encryption are even vulnerable when switched off completely. Apple's FileVault and popular disk encyption software TrueCrypt suffer the same problem.
Since lots of sensitive data is carried around on entirely un-encrypted formats you could argue this is of little consequence. Properly safeguarding such data is more of a policy than a technical problem. Nevertheless, it will be interesting to see how long before this new attack appears 'in the wild', if at all
source http://www.newscientist.com/blog/technology/
OpenSource Disk Encryption Software:
TrueCrypt is a software system for establishing and maintaining an on-the-fly-encrypted volume (data storage device). On-the-fly encryption means that data are automatically encrypted or decrypted right before they are loaded or saved, without any user intervention. No data stored on an encrypted volume can be read (decrypted) without using the correct password/keyfile(s) or correct encryption keys. Entire file system is encrypted (e.g., file names, folder names, contents of every file, free space, meta data, etc).
Files can be copied to and from a mounted TrueCrypt volume just like they are copied to/from any normal disk (for example, by simple drag-and-drop operations). Files are automatically being decrypted on-the-fly (in memory/RAM) while they are being read or copied from an encrypted TrueCrypt volume. Similarly, files that are being written or copied to the TrueCrypt volume are automatically being encrypted on-the-fly (right before they are written to the disk) in RAM. Note that this does not mean that the whole file that is to be encrypted/decrypted must be stored in RAM before it can be encrypted/decrypted. There are no extra memory (RAM) requirements for TrueCrypt. For an illustration of how this is accomplished, see the following paragraph.
Let's suppose that there is an .avi video file stored on a TrueCrypt volume (therefore, the video file is entirely encrypted). The user provides the correct password (and/or keyfile) and mounts (opens) the TrueCrypt volume. When the user double clicks the icon of the video file, the operating system launches the application associated with the file type – typically a media player. The media player then begins loading a small initial portion of the video file from the TrueCrypt-encrypted volume to RAM (memory) in order to play it. While the portion is being loaded, TrueCrypt is automatically decrypting it (in RAM). The decrypted portion of the video (stored in RAM) is then played by the media player. While this portion is being played, the media player begins loading next small portion of the video file from the TrueCrypt-encrypted volume to RAM (memory) and the process repeats. This process is called on-the-fly encryption/decryption and it works for all file types, not only for video files.
Note that TrueCrypt never saves any decrypted data to a disk – it only stores them temporarily in RAM (memory). Even when the volume is mounted, data stored in the volume is still encrypted. When you restart Windows or turn off your computer, the volume will be dismounted and files stored in it will be inaccessible (and encrypted). Even when power supply is suddenly interrupted (without proper system shut down), files stored in the volume are inaccessible (and encrypted). To make them accessible again, you have to mount the volume (and provide the correct password and/or keyfile).
http://www.truecrypt.org/
They've shown that a computer's RAM - short term memory - can give it away.
RAM needs power to hold data; but the researchers have found that information can persist for up to minutes after the power is cut. That's long enough to extract the key needed to unscramble the encrypted disk, which is always kept in a computer's RAM.
An accessible video (below or here) explains the team's findings in more detail. And you can read more at a website set up to explain the work.
The RAM in most computers can hold information for a few seconds to a minute after power down. But cooling the RAM chip can extend that to up to ten minutes. Another video shows how an image held in RAM slowly degrades after the power is turned off.
The attack works on any laptop powered up, or in sleep/hibernate mode. Some machines using Microsoft Vista's BitLocker disk encryption are even vulnerable when switched off completely. Apple's FileVault and popular disk encyption software TrueCrypt suffer the same problem.
Since lots of sensitive data is carried around on entirely un-encrypted formats you could argue this is of little consequence. Properly safeguarding such data is more of a policy than a technical problem. Nevertheless, it will be interesting to see how long before this new attack appears 'in the wild', if at all
source http://www.newscientist.com/blog/technology/
OpenSource Disk Encryption Software:
TrueCrypt is a software system for establishing and maintaining an on-the-fly-encrypted volume (data storage device). On-the-fly encryption means that data are automatically encrypted or decrypted right before they are loaded or saved, without any user intervention. No data stored on an encrypted volume can be read (decrypted) without using the correct password/keyfile(s) or correct encryption keys. Entire file system is encrypted (e.g., file names, folder names, contents of every file, free space, meta data, etc).
Files can be copied to and from a mounted TrueCrypt volume just like they are copied to/from any normal disk (for example, by simple drag-and-drop operations). Files are automatically being decrypted on-the-fly (in memory/RAM) while they are being read or copied from an encrypted TrueCrypt volume. Similarly, files that are being written or copied to the TrueCrypt volume are automatically being encrypted on-the-fly (right before they are written to the disk) in RAM. Note that this does not mean that the whole file that is to be encrypted/decrypted must be stored in RAM before it can be encrypted/decrypted. There are no extra memory (RAM) requirements for TrueCrypt. For an illustration of how this is accomplished, see the following paragraph.
Let's suppose that there is an .avi video file stored on a TrueCrypt volume (therefore, the video file is entirely encrypted). The user provides the correct password (and/or keyfile) and mounts (opens) the TrueCrypt volume. When the user double clicks the icon of the video file, the operating system launches the application associated with the file type – typically a media player. The media player then begins loading a small initial portion of the video file from the TrueCrypt-encrypted volume to RAM (memory) in order to play it. While the portion is being loaded, TrueCrypt is automatically decrypting it (in RAM). The decrypted portion of the video (stored in RAM) is then played by the media player. While this portion is being played, the media player begins loading next small portion of the video file from the TrueCrypt-encrypted volume to RAM (memory) and the process repeats. This process is called on-the-fly encryption/decryption and it works for all file types, not only for video files.
Note that TrueCrypt never saves any decrypted data to a disk – it only stores them temporarily in RAM (memory). Even when the volume is mounted, data stored in the volume is still encrypted. When you restart Windows or turn off your computer, the volume will be dismounted and files stored in it will be inaccessible (and encrypted). Even when power supply is suddenly interrupted (without proper system shut down), files stored in the volume are inaccessible (and encrypted). To make them accessible again, you have to mount the volume (and provide the correct password and/or keyfile).
http://www.truecrypt.org/